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Copyright in an Electronic Environment
(Guidelines from Consortium of College &
University Media Centers)
General Guidelines
-- Fair Use Guidelines for Multimedia
General Guidelines
- Students may use portions of
lawfully acquired copyrighted works in their academic multimedia
projects, with proper credit and citations. They may retain them in
personal portfolios as examples of their academic work.
- Students and teachers must include
on the opening screen of their programs and on any printed materials
that their presentation has been prepared under fair use exemption
of the U.S. Copyright Law and are restricted from further use.
- Educators may claim fair use for
their own productions providing these productions are:
- For face-to-face
curriculum-based instruction
- Demonstrations of how to create
multimedia productions
- Presented at conferences (but
you may not share copies of the actual production)
- For remote instruction as long
as the distribution signal is limited
- Kept for only 2 years
- Fair use ends when the multimedia
creator loses control of his product's use, such as when it is
accessed by others over the Internet.
- Educators or students need not write
for permission if their presentation falls within the specific
multimedia fair use guidelines; however, "educators and
students are advised to note that if there is a possibility that
their own educational multimedia project incorporating copyrighted
works under fair use could later result in broader dissemination,
whether or not as commercial product, it is strongly recommended
that they take steps to obtain permissions during the development
process for all copyrighted portions rather than waiting until after
completion of the project.
Fair Use Guidelines for Multimedia
Text
-- Motion Media -- Illustrations -- Music
-- Internet -- Numerical Data Sets -- Copying
and Distribution Limitations -- Alteration Limitations
-- Multimedia Presentations Citations -- Permission
Requirements
Text
- Up to 10% of a copyrighted work or
1000 words, whichever is less
- Poems
- Entire poem if less than 250
words
- 250 words or less if longer poem
- No more than 5 poems (or
excerpts) of different poets, from an anthology
- Only 3 poems (or excerpts) per
poet
Motion Media
- Up to 10% of a copyrighted work or 3
minutes, whichever is less
- Clip cannot be altered in any way
Illustrations
- A photograph or illustration may be
used in its entirety
- No more than 5 images of an artist's
or photographer's work
- When using a collection, no more
than 10% or no more than 15 images, whichever is less
Music
- Up to 10% of a copyrighted musical
composition, but no more than 30 seconds
- Up to 10% of a body of sound
recording, but no more than 30 seconds
- Any alterations cannot change the
basic melody or the fundamental character of the work
Internet
- Internet resources often combine
both copyrighted and public domain sites; therefore care should be
used in downloading any sites for use in multimedia presentations.
- Until further clarification,
educators and students are advised to write for permission to use
Internet resources and to be mindful of the copyright ramifications
of including embedded additional links to that particular site.
Numerical Data Sets
- Up to 10% or 2500 fields or cell
entries, whichever is less, from a copyrighted database or data
table
- A field entry is defined as a
specific item of information (e.g. name, Social Security number) in
a record of a database file.
- A cell entry is defined as the
intersection where a row and a column meet on a spreadsheet
Copying and Distribution Limitations
- Do not post multimedia projects
claiming fair use exemption on an unsecured web site
- No more than 2 copies of the
original production may be made
- Only 1 may be placed on reserve for
others to use for instructional purposes
- An additional copy may be made for
preservation purposes, but may be used or copied only to replace a
use copy that has been lost, damaged, or stolen
- If more than one person has created
the multimedia presentation, each principal creator may retain only
one copy
Alteration Limitations
- Multimedia selections falling within
the above guidelines may be altered to illustrate a specific
technique or to support a specific instructional objective
- Notation of the alteration should be
documented within the presentation itself
Multimedia Presentations Citations
- Educators and students must credit
sources, giving full bibliographic information when available.
- Educators and students must display
the copyright notice and copyright ownership information if this is
shown in the original source.
- Copyright information for images may
be shown in a separate bibliographic section unless the presentation
is being used for distance learning. In this case, the information
must be incorporated within the image itself (i.e. it must appear on
the screen when the image is viewed).
Permission Requirements
- For multimedia projects used for
non-educational or commercial purposes
- For duplication or distribution of
multimedia projects beyond limitations outlined above
Information Technology Evaluation
Services, Public Schools of North Carolina, 1997
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